國內: 除了財產申報 監院擬連線監控公職人員帳戶
自由時報 2010/10/19 04:11
〔記者王寓中／台北報導〕為防制洗錢，金管會繼研擬建立國內外「高知名度政治人物」資料庫引發爭議，黨政人士昨天進一步透露，監察院日前行文金管會，研擬將所有符合財產申報資格的公職人員，進一步建立銀行帳戶資料庫，而且是每天帳戶進出金額的資料。此一構想引發政壇極大爭議，認為監察院不但涉及擴權，且嚴重侵犯人權，行政院應出面表態謹慎評估。
每天進出金額 一目了然
黨政人士分析，若依監察院的規劃，符合申報財產的政治人物、民代公職及公務人員，多達五萬四千人，影響層面極為廣大，作法形同建立國內金融「ＡＢ檔案」。
相關人士指出，監察院是行文行政院轉金管會銀行局，包括金管會銀行局等相關單位，本週四將在行政院進一步會商此案的可行性及作法。
相關人士透露，依監察院的初步構想，是在公職人員財產申報外，另外對符合申報財產的公職人員，其在銀行帳戶每天進出金額紀錄，全部建立資料庫以利做為財產動態申報查核。
形同ＡＢ檔案 引發爭議
政院相關單位指出，如果是要建立銀行帳戶資料庫，技術而言確實可行，但問題是要引用什麼法源建置？且此一作法更可能涉及違反個人資料保護法；就算可行，將來被鎖定要建檔的公職人員，一樣可以利用人頭帳戶規避查核，因為鎖定金錢流向就等於掌握金錢用途，政治人物的行為等於全被攤在資料庫中，無所遁形。
為防制洗錢，馬政府日前已研議建立國內外「高知名度政治人物」資料庫，金管會日前發函銀行、保險、證券等公會，要求業者或公會建置國內外高知名度政治人物資料庫，以便未來名單上人物有任何資金流動時，可追蹤通報；但業者質疑可能涉及個資法及不清楚「高知名度」如何定義，目前全案先由銀行公會及聯徵中心研究相關建置事宜。
相關人士指出，高知名度政治人物資料庫在國際上早有類似作法，且對象主要是國外政治人物在台灣的資料，但國內能否適用，還未定案；如今監察院更要全面建立國內財產申報公職人員的銀行資料庫，爭議遠遠超過高知名度政治人物資料庫，不論監察院出發點為何，都要謹慎評估。
性質: 精神性、防禦性、受益權/ 第12條
心得:
此種作法雖然是要防範洗錢的事情發生，但仍有許多漏洞。像是被監控的公務人員人可利用人頭帳戶規避查核。但其實最重要的重點是，這項法令會不會違反個資法，而讓個人的資料外洩?世界人權宣言第十二條提到，「任何人的私生活、家庭、住宅和通信不得任意干涉」。因此，如此監控的行為，是否關係到侵犯到個人隱私權。政府應當再行研議。
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國際:
Anatomical ridicule raises body-scanning concerns
By Marnie Hunter, CNN
OCT 19, 2010 -- Updated 1929 GMT (0329 HKT)
(CNN) -- Full-body scanning machines may reveal a little too much, if an incident of workplace violence this week among Transportation Security Administration screeners is any indication.
A TSA worker at Miami International Airport in Florida was arrested for allegedly assaulting a co-worker who had repeatedly teased him about the size of his genitals.
The insults stemmed from an X-ray of the accused captured during a training exercise with the airport's full-body scanning machines, the report said.
Rolando Negrin "stated he could not take the jokes anymore and lost his mind," allegedly striking the victim with a police baton. According to the report, a witness heard Negrin say in Spanish, "get on your knees or I will kill you and you better apoligise [sic]."
In response to the incident, TSA said it has a zero-tolerance policy for workplace violence. "At the same time, we are investigating to determine whether other officers may have violated procedures in a training session with coworkers and committed professional misconduct," the agency said in a statement.
The incident puts the spotlight back on technology some privacy advocates liken to a virtual strip search.
"As far as I'm concerned, this really demonstrates exactly how detailed the images are, exactly how invasive the search is," said John Verdi, senior counsel with the Electronic Privacy Information Center, a Washington-based research center specializing in civil liberties and privacy issues. It receives much of its funding from private foundations.
Verdi said the Miami incident "... also demonstrates that this technology, and the way it's being implemented by TSA, is ripe for abuse."
The TSA screener scuffle is not the only recent case of workplace tension involving the technology. A security worker at London's Heathrow Airport allegedly made lewd comments about a female colleague who mistakenly entered a scanner, according to the UK's Press Association. The accused worker was given a police warning for harassment.
TSA officials stressed that the incident in Miami was internal and did not involve any member of the traveling public. When the technology is used in airports, one screener views the scan in a remote location and does not come into contact with passengers being screened. The images are permanently deleted and never stored, according to the TSA.
EPIC has filed a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security under the Freedom of Information Act seeking details about the government's use of advanced imaging technology.
In April, DHS revealed in a letter to EPIC that it has 2,000 full-body scanning test images, "using TSA models, not members of the public," stored at its test facility. The agency is withholding the images, citing exemptions to the Freedom of Information Act for information pertaining only to internal personnel rules and practices and records that might "benefit those attempting to violate the law."
Verdi finds the idea that the images might be used to evade security "highly problematic."
"Because if merely publishing examples of the images that the TSA has generated during testing would harm security, that really calls into question the effectiveness of the machines," he said.
Examples the TSA says are consistent with what screening officers see in airports are available on the agency's website.
Aviation security expert Douglas Laird said it is "perfectly logical" for the TSA to withhold the 2,000 test images.
"If they were available to the public, then if you were trying to defeat the machine you would study the images to find the weak link, so to speak. I would think they would be crazy to release them," said Laird, who is president of aviation security consulting firm Laird & Associates.
There are shortcomings for any technology, Laird said.
Still, Laird said he believes body-scanning technology would have given officials at Amsterdam's Schipol Airport a much better chance of catching a Nigerian man who boarded a Detroit, Michigan-bound flight on Christmas Day with explosives concealed in his groin area.
The alternative pat-down, which U.S. passengers may opt for instead of body scanning, has to be very intrusive to be effective, and studies show people are less tolerant of physical intrusion than of intrusive technology, Laird said.
While advanced imaging technology doesn't involve direct physical contact, the screener training incident in Miami highlights some travelers' reservations about full-body scans.
"I really think it would give a lot of folks pause if they thought that TSA employees were mocking naked body scans of American air travelers," Verdi said.
性質: 精神性、防禦性/第12條
心得:
機場海關設置的掃描機，用意是為了防範有人帶違禁品。例如文中提到有一名奈及利亞人在荷蘭阿姆斯特丹就被掃瞄機驗出在他的鼠蹊部藏有爆裂物。因此設置這部機器有保全的效果。但是掃描機可以掃出人體全身的樣子，是否有侵犯個人身體隱私權的部份，需要請高層再行研議。像文中提到海關員工在實習此部機器時，就有同事嘲笑夥伴的生殖器大小，因此才突顯了整件事件。
美國運輸標準化局提出，所有掃描過的檔案都會在人通過機器後立即銷毀。另外海關人員在操作機器時，距離通關的人很遠，不會有直接在當事人面前看到他隱私的問題。
不管如何，還是有照片流露出來。因此有沒有違背世界人權宣言第十二條的隱私權，還有可以討論的空間。
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